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Dr. Farrukh Chishtie
In a recent drive led by Maryam Nawaz, Chief Minister of Punjab, Pakistan embarked on an ambitious tree-planting initiative planting some exotic species, sparking a crucial dialogue on the ecological impact of using exotic versus indigenous species for reforestation.
In recent times, Pakistan has witnessed a significant push towards environmental conservation, notably through plantation drives aimed at increasing the country’s forest cover. While these efforts are commendable for their intention, the recent drive led by Maryam Nawaz, the Chief Minister of Punjab, has sparked a conversation about the sustainability and ecological impact of planting non-native species, such as Araucaria, in local ecosystems. This initiative, part of a broader environmental campaign, requires a strategic revision to align more closely with eco-friendly and sustainable practices by focusing on indigenous species.
The Importance of Indigenous Species
Planting native species offers a myriad of benefits, from ensuring the stability and health of ecosystems to providing habitats for local wildlife. Indigenous trees are naturally adapted to the local climate and soil conditions, making them more resilient to diseases, pests, and environmental stresses. This adaptability not only contributes to the longevity and success of reforestation efforts but also minimizes the need for maintenance and intervention.
Moreover, native species play a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity. They provide essential food and habitat for local fauna, contributing to a balanced and functioning ecosystem. In contrast, exotic species, while sometimes aesthetically pleasing, may not offer the same ecological benefits and can even become invasive, threatening local biodiversity.The plantation of Eucalyptus and Paper Mulberry, particularly in urban areas like Karachi and Islamabad, has been disasters due to several reasons:
Eucalyptus: While fast-growing and used for quick afforestation, Eucalyptus trees are known to be water-intensive, potentially lowering groundwater levels. They also release substances that can inhibit the growth of underbrush and nearby plant species, impacting biodiversity.
Paper Mulberry: Introduced for its rapid growth and ornamental value, Paper Mulberry has become invasive in many parts of Islamabad, causing allergic reactions among the population during the pollen season. It outcompetes native species and alters local ecosystems.
Focusing on indigenous species ensures the sustainability of plantation efforts, supports local ecosystems, and reduces the risk of invasive species proliferation. It's crucial for future plantation drives to prioritize these native species to ensure the ecological and environmental health of the region.
To address ecological balance and biodiversity in Pakistan, particularly in Karachi, Baluchistan, and Islamabad, it's crucial to focus on planting indigenous species. These species not only adapt better to the local environment but also support local ecosystems. Here's a list of recommended species based on the provided text:
Karachi and Baluchistan:
Acacia Senegal (Local Name: Khor) - Known for its drought resistance and ability to improve soil quality.
Acacia Nilotica (Local Name: Kikar or Bhabar) - Provides valuable shade and is important for soil conservation.
Prosopis Cineraria (Local Name: Kandi or Jandi) - Plays a crucial role in the desert ecosystem, providing food and shelter for wildlife.
Islamabad and Northern Forests:
Pine (Local Name: Cheer) - Essential for soil conservation and water regulation.
Fir - Contributes to the biodiversity of mountainous regions and provides habitat for numerous species.
Deodar - Valuable for its timber and aesthetic beauty, it plays a key role in sustaining the Himalayan forest ecosystems.
Kail (Blue Pine) - Important for its wood and as a source of turpentine.
Shirin - Adds to the landscape's aesthetic and supports local biodiversity.
Sumbul - Its seeds have economic value, and it contributes to the local flora.
Banyan Tree (Local Name: Bur) - A historic and cultural symbol, providing extensive shade and supporting a wide range of wildlife.
Peepal - Holds cultural significance and is known for its environmental benefits, including air purification.
Sukh Chain - Known for its beautiful flowers and shade-giving properties.
Kachnar - Offers both ecological benefits and is used locally for its edible flowers.
Local Mulberry - Its fruits have medicinal properties, and the tree supports local wildlife.
Learning from the Past: The Example of Shaukat Aziz
The advice given by Subh-e-Nau to a previous Prime Minister, Shaukat Aziz, serves as a valuable lesson. Instead of opting for an exotic plant, and based on this expert advice, Aziz chose to plant a Kachnar sapling, an indigenous species known for its ecological benefits and aesthetic value. This decision underscored the importance of selecting native flora for plantation drives, showcasing a commitment to environmental sustainability and the promotion of local ecosystems.
Advocating for a National Day of Plantation
The proposal to institutionalize a National Day for Plantation is both timely and necessary. Already approved, designating a specific day for nationwide tree-planting activities not only fosters a sense of unity and purpose among the populace but also highlights the importance of environmental stewardship as a national priority. Such an initiative, coupled with a focus on planting indigenous species, can significantly contribute to Pakistan’s reforestation goals, enhancing both the environment and the well-being of its communities.
Subh-e-Nau’s advocacy for this cause and its emphasis on year-round planting activities are commendable steps towards making Pakistan a cleaner and greener nation. By integrating this approach with existing government efforts like the present plantation campaign, Pakistan can make substantial progress towards achieving its forest cover targets.
Recommendations for Future Plantation Drives
To maximize the impact of future plantation drives, it is essential to prioritize the planting of indigenous species. This strategy not only supports local ecosystems but also aligns with global best practices for environmental conservation. Key recommendations include:
Incorporating Indigenous Species into National Policies: Legislation should explicitly advocate for the prioritization of native species in all plantation activities. This would ensure a unified approach to reforestation efforts across the country.
Public Awareness Campaigns: Educating the public about the benefits of indigenous trees can foster a greater appreciation for local ecosystems and encourage community involvement in plantation drives.
Infrastructure for Sustainability: Ensuring the availability of open spaces for planting and the provision of necessary resources, such as water for saplings, can enhance the success of plantation activities.
Engagement and Collaboration: Involving various stakeholders, including government departments, local communities, and educational institutions, can amplify the impact of plantation drives and promote a culture of environmental responsibility.
While the recent plantation drive by Maryam Nawaz represents a commendable effort towards environmental conservation, it also presents an opportunity for reflection and strategic adjustment. By shifting the focus towards indigenous species, Pakistan can not only enhance its ecological sustainability but also foster a deeper connection between its people and the natural world. Through collective action and a commitment to eco-friendly practices, the country can make significant strides towards a greener future.