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Managing winter sports and cold weather-related injuries

Writer's picture: Dr. Farrukh ChishtieDr. Farrukh Chishtie

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Dr. Mahjabeen, Sports Physiotherapist


Every year, thousands of winter sports enthusiasts are treated for cold-related injuries. Are you prepared to recognize the signs of hypothermia and frostbite?

Participating in winter sports can be exhilarating, but it also comes with a risk of cold weather injuries. Hypothermia, frostbite, and other cold-related conditions can be serious and even life-threatening if not recognized and managed promptly.


Common Cold Weather Injuries:


1. Hypothermia: A condition where the body's core temperature drops below 35°C (95°F). Symptoms include:

  • Shivering

  • Confusion

  • Drowsiness

  • Slurred speech

  • Loss of coordination


2. Frostbite: A condition where skin and underlying tissues freeze due to prolonged exposure to cold temperatures. Symptoms include:

  • Numbness

  • Tingling

  • Pale or blue-gray skin

  • Pain or discomfort

  • Blisters or sores


3. Frostnip: A mild form of frostbite that affects the skin's surface. Symptoms include:

  • Numbness

  • Tingling

  • Redness

  • Swelling

  

4. Cold Water Immersion: A condition that occurs when the body is immersed in cold water, causing rapid heat loss. Symptoms include:

  •  Hypothermia

  •  Confusion

  •  Cardiac arrest


5. Snow Blindness: A condition caused by prolonged exposure to UV radiation reflected from snow. Symptoms include:

  • Eye pain

  • Blurred vision

  • Increased sensitivity to light


Recognition of Cold Weather Injuries

To prevent and manage cold weather injuries, it's essential to recognize the early signs and symptoms. Here are some tips:

  1. Monitor Weather Conditions: Be aware of wind chill, temperature, and precipitation forecasts.

  2. Watch for Symptoms: Recognize early signs of hypothermia, frostbite, and other cold-related conditions.

  3. Assess Environmental Factors: Consider factors like altitude, wind, and humidity when assessing the risk of cold weather injuries.


Management of Cold Weather Injuries


If you suspect someone has a cold weather injury, follow these steps:

  1. Move to a Warm, Dry Location: Get the person out of the cold and into a warm, dry location as soon as possible.

  2. Remove Wet Clothing: Remove any wet clothing and replace it with warm, dry clothing.

  3. Provide Warm, Non-Alcoholic Beverages: Give the person warm, non-alcoholic beverages, such as tea or hot chocolate, to help warm them up from the inside out.

  4. Use Blankets or Warm Compresses: Use blankets or warm compresses to warm the body core.


Prevention Strategies


To reduce the risk of cold weather injuries, follow these prevention strategies:

  • Dress in Layers: Wear breathable, moisture-wicking clothing to maintain body heat.

  • Stay Dry: Avoid clothing that can become heavy and cold when wet.

  • Stay Warm: Use hats, gloves, and scarves to prevent heat loss.

  • Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of warm, non-alcoholic beverages to stay hydrated.

  • Monitor Weather Conditions: Be aware of wind chill, temperature, and precipitation forecasts.

  • Avoid Exhaustion: Take regular breaks to rest and rehydrate.

  • Stay Informed: Learn about the risks and prevention strategies for cold weather injuries.


Conclusion


Cold weather injuries can be serious and even life-threatening if not recognized and managed promptly. By understanding the common cold weather injuries associated with winter sports, recognizing their symptoms, and managing them effectively, we can reduce the risk of these injuries and enjoy winter sports safely.

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