Ginseng: The ancient root that still intrigues modern medicine

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Mehreen Khan

Ginseng is one of the world’s most famous herbal remedies. In many households it is associated with energy, stamina, and “tonic” strength, and it appears in teas, capsules, powders, and traditional formulations. 

Yet ginseng is not a single product, while its name commonly refers to plants in the Panax family, especially Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng) and American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius). Their effects can vary depending on the species, dose, quality, and the health condition being targeted.

What makes ginseng worth discussing in a health page is not hype, but the growing effort to evaluate it through modern clinical studies. The United States National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, a government health agency, notes that Asian ginseng has been studied for a range of outcomes, with the strongest signals appearing in areas such as general fatigue, some cardiometabolic markers, and sexual function, although not all research agrees and findings are often mixed.

Health benefits

Supports energy and fatigue management

Many people take ginseng to feel less tired. NCCIH highlights that some research suggests Asian ginseng may have a small beneficial effect on general fatigue, although results are not fully consistent across studies. A clinical and preclinical systematic review published in 2020 also examined Panax ginseng for fatigue, reflecting ongoing scientific interest in this use.

May support blood sugar control in some people

Ginseng has been studied for glycemic effects, particularly in people with prediabetes or diabetes. NCCIH notes that a 2022 review found improvements in several cardiometabolic factors in people with prediabetes and diabetes, including fasting blood glucose, but also emphasizes that overall research remains conflicting. (NCCIH) A 2014 meta-analysis in PLOS ONE concluded that ginseng modestly improved fasting blood glucose, while calling for larger and longer trials with standardized preparations. (PLOS)

May influence inflammation and immune pathways

Ginseng is often marketed for immunity. A 2025 meta-analysis of randomized trials reported that ginseng supplementation significantly reduced IL-6, an inflammatory marker, while showing no consistent effects on several other outcomes such as weight, lipids, or blood pressure. This mixed pattern is a useful reminder: ginseng is not a miracle cure, but it may have specific biological signals that warrant further study.

Sexual health research is active

NCCIH notes that some research suggests oral Asian ginseng may improve sexual function in people with erectile dysfunction, with additional small studies exploring related symptoms. This does not mean ginseng replaces clinical assessment, but it does explain why it remains a commonly studied supplement.

How to use it right

Choose clarity over marketing. Look for the species name (Panax ginseng or Panax quinquefolius), standardized extracts where possible, and reputable manufacturers. Experts advise that short-term oral use of Asian ginseng in recommended amounts, up to six months, appears to be safe for most people, but long-term safety remains a concern.

Many people take ginseng in the morning to reduce sleep disruption, since insomnia is reported as the most common side effect. If you want to try it, a sensible approach is short-term use with a clear goal, such as fatigue or metabolic support, rather than continuous use without review.

Cautions and considerations

Not for everyone

NCCIH notes that questions have been raised about long-term safety, and some experts recommend against use for infants, children, and women who are pregnant or breastfeeding. It also notes that some evidence suggests Asian ginseng may be unsafe during pregnancy, based on animal findings for one chemical constituent.

Medication interactions matter

Ginseng can interact with medicines. Mayo Clinic’s guidance on herbal supplements and heart medicines states that taking ginseng with warfarin may lessen how well warfarin works. NCCIH also flags that Asian ginseng may interfere with blood clotting and may worsen autoimmune disorders, which is important for people on blood thinners or immunologically active treatments.

Diabetes and blood sugar

Because ginseng may lower blood sugar, NCCIH advises people with diabetes to consult a healthcare provider before using it.

Side effects and red flags

Insomnia is the most reported side effect. NCCIH also notes uncommon but serious reactions have been reported, including severe rash, liver damage, and severe allergic reactions. If someone develops palpitations, dizziness, rash, or unusual bleeding, they should stop and seek medical advice.

In summary, ginseng is a respected traditional remedy with real scientific attention behind it. The most responsible way to approach it is as a short-term, targeted supplement with clear expectations and careful attention to safety, especially for people with diabetes, heart conditions, autoimmune disease, or those taking blood thinners. Used wisely and under guidance when needed, ginseng can be a supportive ally, but it should never replace medical care or a balanced lifestyle.